/etc/docker/daemon.json
and enter google's DNS servers as follows:
{
"dns": ["8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4"]
}
I was working from a Ubuntu base image, so I created the file as above before installing and starting docker. Keep in mind that as docker images usually don't contain systemmd, it's not all that easy to restart docker once you have installed it, so creating the configuration first is pretty useful. You can find more information on this at https://development.robinwinslow.uk/2016/06/23/fix-docker-networking-dns/